Question

Is it possible to use the Vantage data catalog in Advanced Script Rule?

Answer

It is possible to access a specific record. Here is a sample script for retrieving a data catalog record's column values into some field via the Advanced Script Rule in the document skill:
 

Context.GetField("MyField").Value = ""; 
const record = Context.GetCatalogRecord("catalog name", "recordId"); 
if (record && record.Fields) 
{ 
  let fields = []; 
  for (let name in record.Fields) 
  { 
      fields.push(name + ": " + record.Fields[name].join("; ")); 
  } 
  Context.GetField("MyField").Value = fields.join("\r\n"); 
} 
else 
{ 
  Context.GetField("MyField").Value = "Catalog record is not found"; 
}

Here const record = Context.GetCatalogRecord("catalog name", "recordId");  the first parameter is the catalog name, the second parameter is the record ID which can be captured using Vantage Processing REST API: 
Vantage Processing REST API > Catalogs > Lists all available catalogs
Vantage Processing REST API > CatalogRecords > Lists a portion of the records in the specified catalog

and is specified when adding a record to the catalog via Public API: 

Business Rules Automation > Object Model > GetCatalogRecord 
Business Rules Automation > Object Model > Record